Latinø Children and Their Picturebooks Over Time
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/cr.2024.19.2814Palabras clave:
Literatura multicultural, literatura infantil Latinx/a/o/ø, historia, análisis literario críticoResumen
Los estudiosos de la literatura infantil latina señalan los primeros años de la década de 1990 como un momento crucial en la historia de la literatura infantil estadounidense escrita por y sobre latinos, afirmando con razón que, hasta ese momento, tales libros presentaban tasas de publicación minúsculas y recibían una atención limitada por parte de la corriente dominante (Koss et al.; Naidoo “Opening doors”; Nilsson). En algunos casos, los libros con temas latinos presentaban representaciones racioétnicas muy problemáticas tanto en sus narraciones verbales (escritas) como visuales, particularmente cuando eran creados por no latinos (Quiroa, “Promising Portals”). Estas tendencias continuaron más allá de la década de 1990 hasta que, más recientemente, se produjeron cambios en el campo más amplio de la literatura multicultural estadounidense por y sobre diversos grupos raciales y étnicos.
La historia de la literatura infantil de y sobre latinos en los EE.UU. no es tan sólida como la de la literatura convencional y europea, y merece una documentación periódica que tenga en cuenta por igual sus narraciones verbales (escritas) y visuales (ilustraciones). Por lo tanto, ofrezco una revisión histórica de la bibliografía existente y de los títulos de este tipo de libros, centrándome específicamente en los que tienen formato de álbum ilustrado. Un principio central de mi trabajo es que sus narrativas visuales han recibido muy poca consideración desde un enfoque interdisciplinar, incluyendo los campos de a) educación (lengua y literatura inglesas, alfabetización bilingüe y estudios sociales); b) biblioteconomía, c) estudios étnicos/culturales, d) estudios de lengua y literatura españolas, e) semiótica y d) arte. Por lo tanto, un enfoque interdisciplinario puede ampliar la comprensión de cómo los niños latinos y sus narrativas son retratados en sus libros ilustrados hoy en día. Esta revisión también es crucial dados los crecientes avances tecnológicos del siglo XXI que resultan en una mayor disponibilidad y énfasis en la lectura de textos multimodales como los álbumes ilustrados y las novelas gráficas (Chesner; Serafini et al.).
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